- Tagging and Folksonomy: instead of classic organization (folders on computer/Dewey decimal system) we classify information online with tags (keywords you can hang on things to describe content)
- While tagging alone can be personal, folksonomy makes it social allowing everyone to add meaning and find meaning in tagable items
- Articles
- Delicious is a social bookmarking site that uses tags to organize (you can view other's bookmarks)
- Folksonomy is a people's taxonomy: use tags to label/categorize
- Others can label you and define
September 13th (Google)
- Google instant gives answers to questions before you finish asking
- Google's mission: organize world's information and make it universally accessible and useful; it's the worlds largest search engine
- Google makes money through advertising
- Services: voice, picassa, youtube, health, earth, desktop, ads, gmail, news, enterprise (office applications)
- Goodies: book search (you can add books to your library), Google maps/my maps, search
- RSS News feed (really simple syndecation) subscribe to feed (can do through browser/phone/desktop)
- Google squared builds custom spreadsheets for search/general search, it's a good start
- Google Reader: subscribe to online news and blogs (one-stop) shop, look at websites you browse and look at what's updated
- Google Adpps/Goodies (docs.google.com)
- Google Benefits: free, online real-time collaboration, sharing of document, instant publication of webpages, embedding content into blogs, websites
- Social networks existed before the internet (phone trees/organizations/CB radios)
- 1997: Sixdegrees.com was the first social networking site
- Friendster dies, linkedin triumphs
- Many target specific demographics
- Myspace: safety issues hurt reputation, big with teens
- Twitter: SMS (short message service)
- Over 70% of teens on SNS reported receiving messages from someone they didn't know
- In a survey, over 90% of undergrads used Facebook
- little chance of SNS fading in the near future
- More tagging and "object-centered" networks
- From centralized to decentralized (FOAF, Onesocialweb, noserub)
- Advantages: control over privacy, a profile that suits your needs, immune to censorship
Podcasts
- Originally for music to download overnight
- Should be free and easy to get through "Subscriptions"
Presentation 2: Web 2.0/Privacy
- New version of www, allows sharing, collaborating and interaction
- From 1.24 billion to an estimated 3.1 billion in 2012
- Privacy: an email that wasn't even sent can be tracked, web 2.0 sites mine information; the average netizen doesn't know tracking occurs
- Netizen: a person actively involved in online communities (cyber citizen)
- Hacking and Fraud, from computers to mobile devices (3x as dangerous plug-ins compared to a year earlier)
- Is web 2.0 good for privacy? no, more information available, less awareness
- only takes one time to put something online and its available forever
- Cookies: If you delete cookies your browsing experience won't be personalized
- Organizations that promote online privacy: online alliance corporation, IAB, Better Business Bureau, Trustee, EPIC, Privacy.org
November 20th & free podcast
- See blog posts about podcasts...
Group 3 Presentation: Viral Marketing
- The strategy encourages indiviuals to pass on a marketing message to others and grants the potential for exponential growth in the messages exposure and infleucnes
- Grows like a virus, started as street signs (1920s radio, 1940s tv, 1990s Internet/Websites, now social networking)
- Term popularized in 1997 by Steve Juveston for Hotmail's email practices (placed "get free email" on bottom of every email from hotmail account)
- Strategies of Viral Marketing
- 1.) give aways, 2.) provide effortless transfer to others, 3.) Scale easily from small to large (allow for rapid growth), 4.) exploit common motivations and behavior (greed, popularity, love), 5.) common/existing communication networks, 6.) take advantage of others' resources
- Case study: Grip Films uses constant contact/emails if you sign-up, buy products (1 newsletter/month)
- Facebook "friends", giveaways for "Liking"
- Twitter to give daily alerts, repost other tweets
- Blogger: for human interest (posts and pictures)
- YouTube: post trailers and behind the scenes to gain interest
- Better search engine optimization by putting links to purchasing site
- Best Buy: manipulate social media to give tools to connect with each other and employees
- Guidelines: listen, findable, about people, make it social, authentic, trasparent, simple
- Twitter turned around "twelp force" access to brand and advice
- Benefits: reaches further, cheaper, increases visibility, combines with other strategies
- Negatives: false sites, costs money to advertise the social media tools; put in work to make videos and pages
- Wieden and Kennedy (make commercials), Kallman and Allen
- Can't control information on sites, word of mouth not always a good thing (bad spreads too)
- Page views do not equal revenue, repeated viewers
- Viral-->can't guarantee it'll be "viral", you can be social
Cognitive Surplus (Clay Shirky) Presentation
- We have over one trillion hours of free time collectively
- 21%, 1 billion people carry around cameras
- 47%, 3 billion have active cell phone accounts
- 30%, 2 billion are online
- more interactive than passive experience
- 100 million hours to create wikipedia, but Americans spend 200 billion hours watching TV (2000 wikipedias)
- How to get to work (problem), solved by a social tool PickupPal.com; information to solve a problem quickly
- Anyone can be media through publishing; more average content published
- Tools take off that let people do what they want
- Intrinsic motivators and desire for autonomy and competence
- and extrinsic motivation
- Amateur: web, personal, moderate quality
- Facinating because of diversity of thought
- Create and share online because we want rewarding experiences
- YouTube: 12,623,040 hours of video/year; Twitter: 109,500,000,000 words/year
- Technology brings opportunity to increase ability to create together
- Culture: collective norms and behaviors in a group
- positive social interactions creates sharing
- Personal, communal, public, civic, uncoordinated (youtube), discussion forum, public, transform society
- Successful groups reward for sharing
Shirky Talk
- Africa 2007 election: media blackout/shutdown, blogs essential
- Too much--> Ushahidi created to aggregate info on a map (crisis map) open source, global deployment in three years
- Needed digital technology and human generosity
- Cognitive Surplus: ability for free time of world to go towards working together; we don't just consume anymore, we create and share (freedom to experiment)
- Social constraints created a more generous culture
- LOL cats communal (by participants fore each other)
- Ushahidi civic (for society, to make life better)
Group 4 Presentation: Fair use and the Issues of Copyright ethics in school and the workplace, and the role of free speech online
- Copyright right to make copies, license, and otherwise exploit a literary, musical, or artistic work, whether printed, audio, video etc. (1978) protected for lifetime of author/creator for 50 yrs after death
- How it's enforced: caught and charged with copyright infringement, if holder doesn't bring case for three years, can't press charges; charges decided by copyright holders
- Peer-to-peer: can share with networks, big problem in colleges
- Fair Use: no set definition, a limitation of the copyright law (fair use doctrine)
- Fair Reproduction: criticism, comment, news reporting, teaching, scholarship, research
- You need permission if the work is protected, you wish to exercise one of the owner's exclusive right, your use exempt or excused from liability for infringement.
- Rules of thumb: for multimedia you can include other works but use small amount and limit reproduction; research only use small segment
- Is it commercial or nonprofit educational? What is the nature of the copyrighted work? The amount of substantivity of the portion used in relation to the copyrighted work. The effect of the use upon the potential market for or value of the copyrighted work
- Guidelines: don't depend on word-count guidelines, commercial use of another's work is less likely to be considered fair use than uses that are educational or critical, factual works recieve less protection than fictional, try and add value
- When in doubt try to get permission, they are deemed to consent to fair use of their works by others.
- Ethics in Fair Use and Copyright
- taking work offline isn't tangible so it doesn't feel like stealing, still is; emerging technologies caused line of ethics and fair use to be blurred (easy to copy and paste)
- In education common breaches of ethics involve plagiarism, cheating on exams, illegally downloading software, and turning in anothers' work as own.
- 74% say they've seriously cheated, 54% say they've plagiarized, 47% say teachers ignore it
- Business: similar to education, many feel it's not about doing what is right but doing what is best for them
- Public Domain: Not covered by any copyright laws, to creatively express selves through works but cna be tken advantage of; can be sold as proprietary, make money off of you
- Copyleft: protects, always free, can get through GNU.org (not unix), gives general license
- Copy left/EFF are politically left, free and open for people
- Disney got Mikey Mouse re-copyrighted
- 5 Copyrights: distribution, reproduction, public display, public performance, modification "all rights reserved"
- Anything you make is technically copyrighted, but you can't sue unless you buy the copyright
- In 1980s when most software was proprietary, Linux was GNU's free operating system. Focused on free like liberty not price; PGP to read crypt messages
- Creative commons license: decide how work can and cannot be used-->have options share work, keep credit
- Shared culture: new technologies provide for creativity, gives producers/creators tools to make a choice about how to share/exercise copyright in more ways for access and control (Jimmy Whales, Wikipedia)
- Lawrence Lessing created CC, but what you can share online still complicated
- Free Speech online: controversy about how free speech works online; what can we say/post?
- Electronic frontier foundation want to reserve freedom online, protect people from misuse of copyright law; appeal to government, maintain first amendment rights
- Conform to the place you're in with free speech online; encourage writing online or if the fire people for talking online about boss, if you are at work you are under their rules; online postings can get you into trouble
Wikileaks
- an international new media source that publishes otherwise unavailable documents from "anonymous news sources and leaks" (Wikipedia, "Wikileaks")
- It has released documents about the Afghanistan war and the "Iraq War Logs". In November 2010 it released U.S. State Department diplomatic cables (confidential correspondence between the US State Department and it's diplomatic missions around the world, containing analysis of world leaders, assessments of host countries, and international and domestic issue discussions, labeled secret and confidential).
- Started as a wiki but no longer accepts user comments or edits, wish to reveal unethical behavior of all governments
- U.S. Justice Department investigating Wikileaks and Julian Assange (founder): could charge under Espionage Act (difficult because of freedom of the press, unless he broke laws getting information), trafficking stolen government property (but it's intellectual not physical), it could be hard to extradite to US anyway
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